黄河口水沙过程变异及其对河口海岸造陆的影响   总被引：16，自引：4，他引：16       下载免费PDF全文

张治昊  胡春宏 《水科学进展》2007,18(3):336-341

采用实测资料分析和理论探讨的方法,研究了黄河口海岸造陆与水沙过程变异的关系.研究结果表明:黄河口陆域来水来沙是海岸造陆的基础,来水来沙越大,造陆面积越大,水沙过程变异后,由于水沙的急剧减少,黄河口海岸造陆速度减缓,典型岸段严重蚀退造陆面积也大幅减小;尾闾河道萎缩对海岸造陆影响较大,萎缩越严重,越不利于海岸的造陆发育.运用多元回归分析建立了黄河口海岸造陆水沙临界综合关系式,可供科学调控来水来沙实施黄河口海岸防护过程中参考.  相似文献   

钱塘江河口大规模治江围涂后对涌潮高度的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

陈来华 《水科学进展》2007,18(3):385-389

根据钱塘江河口治江围涂前和大规模治江围涂后现场实测的涌潮高度数据,对盐官以下河段大潮期涌潮高度的变化进行分析,结果表明,大规模治江围涂后的涌潮最高河段已由治江围涂前的新湾下移至大缺口段,并且大规模治江围涂后的涌潮最高值比治江围涂前增高了0.4 m,盐官河段增高0.1 m.盐官以上河段治江围涂后的涌潮高度变化,主要与径流对沙坎顶的冲淤密切相关,在其它条件相同时,治江围涂后的涌潮高度有所增大.这一结果与某些年份因涌潮增高,标准堤大量溢流等实例基本相符.  相似文献   

海南岛万泉河口沉积物有机碳、 氮同位素的特征及其环境意义^*   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

葛晨东  王颖  T.F.Pedersen  O.Slaymaker 《第四纪研究》2007,27(5):845-852

对海南岛万泉河口沙美内海柱样K3和K4沉积物进行生物地球化学指标总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)、有机碳同位素(δ¹³ C)、氮同位素(δ¹⁵ N)的分析,以及²¹⁰ Pb定年了解其近代变化特征,追踪沉积物有机质来源的变化,提取沉积环境演变及人类活动的信息。K3中TOC的变化介于0.51 ％ ~1.12 ％ ,K4变化介于0.43 ％ ~1.49 ％ ,而其随时间的变化反映了流域内人类活动的历史。17世纪TOC含量明显增加记录了明末清初开始流域内广泛种植农作物的活动,19世纪以来TOC含量逐渐增加,至现代达最高值,对应了工业革命以来人类活动的增强。K3和K4的δ¹³ C值变化分别在-24.38 ‰ ~-21.02 ‰ 之间和-24.74 ‰ ~-20.17 ‰ 之间,δ¹⁵ N值变化分别在2.20 ‰ ~4.62 ‰ 之间和2.39 ‰ ~5.02 ‰ 之间,映证了本区沉积物有机质是陆源物质和海洋物质混合的特点。明末清初开始流域内广泛种植玉米等农作物造成δ¹³ C值增加和δ¹⁵ N值减少; 自19世纪以来至现在,该区的经济活动增加,人口的持续增长,尤其是近50年来化肥农药的大量使用,造成陆源输入的有机碳含量大幅增加,使δ¹³ C值减少和δ¹⁵ N比值增加。 δ¹³ C值自19世纪以来就逐渐变轻,说明陆源和海洋有机碳的比例发生了变化,较轻的陆源有机碳比例相对增加,较重的海洋有机碳比例相对减少,反映了玉带滩沙坝的增长、沙美内海封闭、海水交换作用减少的状况。C/N比值分别从底部的16.19和17.36到顶部减小为11左右,自19世纪以来呈明显减小的趋势也反映了沙美内海泻湖自生的藻类有机质供应越来越多,也说明了其逐渐封闭、水动力条件越来越弱,与外海的交换作用逐渐减少的状况。  相似文献   

黄河口水体光谱特性及悬沙浓度遥感估测   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10  

樊辉  黄海军  唐军武 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2007,32(7):601-604

通过黄河口含沙水体野外遥感光谱反射率的观测实验，探讨了黄河口水体表观光谱特性，分析了悬浮体中有机颗粒含量和悬沙粒度对光谱特性的影响。针对Landsat TM／ETM^＋影像波段特性，对黄河口含沙水体在其可见光至近红外4个波段的光谱特性进行了模拟分析，并结合表观光谱观测数据建立了经验回归函数，以估测不同时相黄河口水体表层悬沙的浓度。  相似文献   

 应用遥感技术分析韩江河口悬沙的动态特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

丁晓英  许祥向 《国土资源遥感》2007,18(3):71-73

利用韩江河口近20多a的卫星影像资料，结合GIS技术，通过对韩江河口流势、流态和水沙输移特征的分析，探讨韩江河口 出口水流动力状况及其对泥沙输移的影响。结果表明，韩江河口区内泥沙含量较低，在河口区内涨落潮流呈西南-东北向运动，在 河口外则易受西南沿岸流影响，具有近岸输沙的特性。  相似文献   

Properties of suspended sediment in the estuarine turbidity maximum of the highly turbid Humber Estuary system, UK   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Reginald James Uncles  John Anthony Stephens  Carolyn Harris 《Ocean Dynamics》2006,56(3-4):235-247

Measurements are presented of the properties of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM) of the upper Humber and Ouse estuaries during transient, relatively low freshwater inflow conditions of September 1995. Very high concentrations of near-bed SPM (more than 100 g l⁻¹) were observed in the low-salinity (less than 1), upper reaches. SPM within the ETM consisted largely of fine sediment (silt and clay) that existed as microfloc and macrofloc aggregates and individual particles. Primary sediment particles were very fine grained, and typically, about 20–30% was clay-sized at high water. The clay mineralogy was dominated by chlorite and illite. There was a pronounced increase in particle size in the tidal river, up-estuary of the ETM. The mean specific surface area (SSA) of near-bed SPM within the ETM was 22 m² g⁻¹ on a spring tide and 24 m² g⁻¹ on a neap tide. A tidal cycle of measurements within a near-bed, high concentration SPM layer during a very small neap tide gave a mean SSA of 26 m² g⁻¹. The percentage of silt and clay in surficial bed sediments along the main channel of the estuary varied strongly. The relatively low silt and clay percentage of surficial bed sediments (about 10–35%) within the ETM’s region of highest near-bed SPM concentrations and their low SSA values were in marked contrast to the overlying SPM. The loss on ignition (LOI) of near-bed SPM in the turbid reaches of the estuary was about 10%, compared with about 12% for surface SPM and more than 40% in the very low turbidity waters up-estuary of the ETM. Settling velocities of Humber–Ouse SPM, sampled in situ and measured using a settling column, maximized at 1.5 mm s⁻¹ and exhibited hindered settling at higher SPM concentrations.  相似文献   

Holocene valley aggradation driven by river mouth progradation: examples from Australia     

Paul Rustomji  Jon Olley  John Chappell 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2006,31(12):1510-1524

Since the end of the post‐glacial sea level rise 6800 years ago, progradation of river mouths into estuaries has been a global phenomenon. The responses of upstream alluvial river reaches to this progradation have received little attention. Here, the links between river mouth progradation and Holocene valley aggradation are examined for the Macdonald and Tuross Rivers in south‐eastern Australia. Optical and radiocarbon dating of floodplain sediments indicates that since the mid‐Holocene sea level highstand 6800 years ago vertical floodplain aggradation along the two valleys has generally been consistent with the rate at which each river prograded into its estuary. This link between river mouth progradation and alluvial aggradation drove floodplain aggradation for many tens of kilometres upstream of the estuarine limits. Both rivers have abandoned their main Holocene floodplains over the last 2000 years and their channels have contracted. A regional shift to smaller floods is inferred to be responsible for this change, though a greater relative sea level fall experienced by the Macdonald River since the mid‐Holocene sea level highstand appears to have been an additional influence upon floodplain evolution in this valley. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

晚更新世末期以来黄河口古地理环境的演变^*   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

徐家声  孟毅  张效龙  刘敦武 《第四纪研究》2006,26(3):327-333

文章通过老黄河口海域CB20A孔岩芯的粒度、碎屑矿物、有孔虫、介形虫、瓣鳃类、腹足类、孢粉、植物化石和¹⁴ C测年等指标的分析鉴定结果,探讨并研究黄河口区古地理环境的演变。从晚更新世末期至今,本区地理环境演变经历了6个主要阶段,即全球最末一次冰期的早期、间冰期、晚期和冰后期的早期、中期及晚期。其间出现明显的气候冷暖交替、海平面升降及岸线进退的变化,多次出现沧海桑田的景观。在这6个变化阶段中还有一些规模较小的海平面升降,如最末一次冰期早期气候寒冷,海平面大幅度下降,然而在这一时期的沉积物中却发现了气候变暖的海相沉积层,反映海平面曾经上升。而在最末一次冰期的间冰期,气候变暖,但是它并非始终温暖如一:其下部沉积物中的化石反映的是气候较冷海面较低的滨海沼泽特征;中部反映的是气候温暖的浅海环境;而上部反映的是海面明显下降的潮坪环境。这些气候和海面波动现象在冰后期仍然存在。  相似文献   

长江口崇明东滩沉积物间隙水中营养盐剖面及其数学模拟   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

高磊  李道季  余立华  王延明  孔定江 《沉积学报》2006,24(5):722-732

2005年410月,对长江口崇明东滩潮间带高潮滩站位沉积物间隙水中营养盐成分进行了每月一次的连续观测。结果表明,该站点间隙水中营养盐NH4+和S iO32-的浓度一般在200400μmol/L之间;NO2-+NO3-以及PO43-浓度一般在1μmol/L以下,但9月份后的3次采样得到的沉积柱表层（010 cm）NO2-+NO3-浓度则一般超过10μmol/L,甚至接近100μmol/L。沉积物中有机N含量以及受粘土矿物含量影响的蛋白石（BS i）的溶解度是决定间隙水中NH4+和S iO32-的浓度的主要因素。间隙水中S iO32-浓度和温度之间存在着显著的正相关关系（P<0.01）,说明其主要是受温度影响的溶解过程的控制;而NH4+浓度与温度之间没有明显的相关关系,说明与S iO32-相比,沉积物中NH4+产出的控制因素较为复杂。我们采用了经典的早期成岩方程对NH4+和S iO32-浓度剖面进行了数学模拟,在模型中考虑了扩散作用、埋藏作用以及营养盐的代谢作用等因素。模拟结果表明,通过改变扩散项系数基本可以模拟出营养盐剖面中间浓度高、上下浓度低的总体趋势。此外,沉积速率和代谢反应速率也在不同程度上对模拟结果产生影响。   相似文献   

The Distribution and Seasonal Variation of Dissolved Trace Metals in Florida Bay and Adjacent Waters   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Valentina G. Caccia  Frank J. Millero 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2003,9(2):111-144

Florida Bay is a shallow carbonate estuary in South Florida. It receives fresh waters from the Everglades that contribute a number of metals to the Bay. The Bay is the largest estuary in Florida with nearly pristine conditions. In this paper we report the first extensive studies of trace metals in the Bay. The seasonal distributions of trace metals (Sc, V, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ni and Al) were determined on surface waters in Florida Bay and adjacent waters. The measurements in the Bay were made from May 2000 to May 2001, and the adjacent waters were sampled in September 2000 and May 2002. Most of the dissolved trace metals exhibited their maximum concentrations in summer, except Al and Pb that did not show any seasonal variability. The seasonal variations of the metals are related to the influx of fresh water from rainfall. The lowest concentrations are found during the dry season in the winter and the highest during the wet season in the summer. Several metals (V, Mn, Al, Sc, Fe, Co, Ni and Cr) exhibited their highest concentrations in the western zone of the Bay. These waters from agricultural areas are influenced by Gulf of Mexico waters, which carry metals coming from Barron, Broad and Shark rivers into the Bay. The Shark River always exhibited high concentrations of V, Mn, Al, Sc, Co and Cr. Other possible influences in the western and north-central zone of the Bay are from Flamingo Center, the creeks of Taylor Slough and the mangrove fringe of the Everglades. High concentrations of Al, Co, Ni, Cr, Cu, Fe, and Pb were detected in the eastern zone. The high values found in the northeast are influenced by Taylor Slough runoff and in the southeast by Key Largo, Tavernier Marina and the drainage from the main highway (US1) on Tavernier Key. The minimum concentrations for most of the metals were found in areas near the Key channels that exchange waters between Florida Bay and the Atlantic Ocean (Gulf Stream). The adjacent waters in the Atlantic side including the Gulf Stream waters showed very low concentrations for all the metals studied except for V. In the Bay correlations of V were found: (1) V with salinity and Al and (2) Sc with Si. Most of the other metals did not show any strong correlations with nutrients or salinity. Florida Bay is thus not a typical estuary due to the unique structure of its mud banks and multiple inputs of metals from the mangrove fringe in the north.  相似文献